Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.1 While some shifts can be natural, the main driver of changes since the 1800s has been human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas, which release heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, causing global warming.2
Here is a summary of the main causes and effects:
Causes of Climate Change
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The primary cause is the increase in greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (3$\text{CO}_2$) and methane, from human activities.4
Burning Fossil Fuels: Generating power, operating transportation, and manufacturing goods largely rely on burning fossil fuels, which is the largest source of 5$\text{CO}_2$ emissions.6
Deforestation: Cutting down forests to clear land for agriculture or other uses releases stored carbon back into the atmosphere and reduces nature's ability to absorb 7$\text{CO}_2$.8
Agriculture and Livestock: Practices like the use of fertilizers and methane emissions from livestock (cows and sheep) contribute significantly to greenhouse gases.9
Effects of Climate Change
The consequences are widespread, impacting the environment, human health, and economies:10
Rising Temperatures: The global average temperature is increasing, leading to more frequent and intense heat waves and longer wildfire seasons.11
Extreme Weather Events: Increased frequency and intensity of events like droughts, floods, and catastrophic storms (hurricanes/tropical cyclones).12
Melting Ice and Rising Seas: Melting glaciers and polar ice are causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems.13
Impacts on Oceans: Oceans are warming and absorbing more 14$\text{CO}_2$, leading to ocean acidification, which harms marine life.15
Biodiversity Loss: Changes in temperature and weather patterns disrupt ecosystems, affecting plant and animal species, including changes in migration and the loss of habitats.16
